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環球教育發布時間:19-03-2910:52在歷年的雅思閱讀考試中,否定信息相關考點出題頻率較高,尤其在基礎類的填空考題類別中,更是經常能見到否定邏輯要點的考核。本文中南京環球教育朱瑩瑩老師結合劍橋官方真題中實際考核過的真題內容總結出了明晰易懂的六大類出題模式,考生們可以根據總結的六種不同類型考法熟悉雅思出題官考核否定時的慣用伎倆,以便更好地備考和應對,爭取拿下所有涉及否定考點題目的對應分數。類型一:基礎考點not形式,主要變體-cannot與do notnot 形式作為考核否定的最基本形式,是需要首先進行掌握的,這一形式主要和do not,cannot 搭配使用,注意正確的學術寫法中do not中間應當有空格,而cannot則是連寫不需要空格的。真題示例:Cambridge8 Test2 Passage 3Question 39. The sense of smell may involve response to ________ which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours.分析:本題定位點在E段落,語句中沒有氣味的用odourless加以表述,答案就為odourless所修飾的chemicals。這一題目的原文在后文中也會加以引用和具體描述。真題示例:Cambridge10 Test2 Passage 2Question 24. Children of average ability seem to need more direction from teachers because they do not have ________.分析:本題題干中的they do not have 和原文第二段的lack of 形成對應,剛好可以得出答案internal regulation。類型二:高頻動詞考點lacklack,作動詞用,意思為"缺少、缺乏"。該詞可以用作及物動詞,直接加上賓語即 lack sth.結構,也可以用作不及物動詞,使用時加上介詞of再加賓語,即lack of sth.真題示例:Cambridge9 Test1 Passage 3Question 29. Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?分析:本題的lack很好識別也很典型,最大的做題難度主要在于理解原文中對應的語句是They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation.類型三:副詞考點nevernever在考題中出現時一般用作否定方向用詞理解,很多同學會聯想到絕對意義,而實際上才雅思出題官的眼中,這個詞遠沒有only或 must等詞來的絕對,就不要特意想絕對方向,考生們只需要理解它暗涵的否定意味就可以了。真題示例:Cambridge8 Test3 Passage 2Questions 14-18Choose FIVE letters,A-KWrite the correct letters in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB Your answers may be given in any order.Below are listed some popular beliefs about genius and giftedness.Which Five of these beliefs are reported by the writer of the text?選項H. People never appreciate true genius.分析:本題選項中的never appreciate最終為正確答案,原因是原文中有一個人們常見的belief為天才往往是unrecognised and unrewarded.值得特別注意的是,在這一個考點類別方面,專門用于描述可數名詞的few 與專門用于描述不可數名詞的little與never的使用有異曲同工之妙,也可以被用于否定理解,因為在中學語法中有強調過 a fewa little 通常證明有一些,而few little 就是傾向于0了,那么在意思上,可以理解為考核否定方面。真題示例:Cambridge10 Test1 Passage 335 Employees working in organisations with few rules are more likely toB share ideas.分析:雖然有名詞的定位詞如employees、organisations,但是如果考生們能夠把握住否定考法的few將能更好的解釋這一題目的解答,因為原文中倒數第二段few rules得到了替換重現,直接是通過no rules 來表現的。類型四:前綴考點關于否定前綴,考生們應當并不陌生,最常見的用法包括:in-, im-, il-, ir-, de-, dis-, un-。當然,還有一些負向表述詞雖然不是很明顯,但也應該要留意一些,如over-,因為是"過于…"的意思,傾向于是表示否定的。真題示例:Cambridge7 Test1 Passage 1Question 11. Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because________ are not used in their navigation system.真題示例:Cambridge8 Test1 Passage 2Questions 14-19Reading passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A -G from the list below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.v. An oversimplified view分析:本題所演示的選項v是用于D段落的正確答案。既然本題的題干中提到了否定的over-那么在段落中是一定有所呈現的。就D段而言Many people think that… 作為開頭體現出view的意思,緊接著This is a very incomplete part of the picture恰恰驗證了oversimplified=incomplete這一替換關聯。類型五:后綴考點關于否定后綴,并不像否定前綴的類型那么多樣,實際上,常見的否定后綴考核通常為-less,考生們只要記號這一要點就可以應對后綴的出現。真題示例:Cambridge8 Test2 Passage 3Question 38所對應的原文信息E 段落中Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two-one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air分析:本題考核的題干中曾經涉及do not smell用法,那么這一否定考點在原文中的呈現是通過odourless一詞體現出來,相當于odour(氣味)+-less(沒有)。類型六:否定短語帶有否定意味的短語通常以介賓結構呈現,最常見的類型涉及out一詞,如without或outside是其中的典型。真題示例:Cambridge11 Test2 Passage 2Reading passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.v. destruction outside the inhabitants control分析:本題題目中的否定在于outside一詞,把握好這個點之后,解答的段落F中所對應的內容時without the settlers campaign of desforestation.熟悉了六大基本形式之后,剩下的分析工作類似于做好六選二的匹配,原則上為題干中出現一種方式的表述而在原文定位時,考生們會搜尋到另一種否定方式的呈現。那么,只要做好有目的性的匹配,做題的速度和準確率往往都能得到大幅提高。
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